Why Hands and Feet Swell During Pregnancy

Swelling in the hands and feet, called physiological edema, is common during pregnancy—especially in the second and third trimesters. It usually results from normal changes in your body, but in some cases it can signal a medical concern.

Causes of Swelling

1. Increased Blood Volume

During pregnancy, total blood volume increases by about 50% to supply the growing baby and placenta. This extra fluid increases pressure in blood vessels, which can push fluid into surrounding tissues—especially in the feet and ankles.

2. Hormonal Changes

Pregnancy hormones such as progesterone relax the walls of blood vessels, making it easier for fluid to leak from the bloodstream into surrounding tissues.

3. Pressure from the Uterus

As the uterus grows, it presses on veins in the pelvis (especially the inferior vena cava). This slows blood return from the legs to the heart, causing fluid to pool in the lower limbs.

4. Fluid Retention

The body retains more sodium and water during pregnancy to support amniotic fluid and increased circulation. This extra fluid can collect in extremities.

5. Gravity

Swelling is often worse at the end of the day or after standing for long periods because gravity pulls fluid downward.

When Swelling is Normal

• Mild swelling in feet, ankles, and sometimes hands
• Gradual onset that improves with rest and leg elevation

When to Seek Medical Attention

Sudden or severe swelling—especially with high blood pressure, headaches, or vision changes—may be a sign of preeclampsia, a potentially dangerous condition that requires urgent evaluation.

Tips to Reduce Swelling

• Elevate your feet when possible.
• Avoid standing for long periods.
• Wear comfortable shoes and avoid tight socks.
• Drink plenty of water to help flush excess sodium.
• Do gentle prenatal exercises to improve circulation.