- **Definition & Diagnosis:**
  - Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related condition marked by high blood pressure and signs of organ damage (especially to the liver and kidneys).
  - It usually develops after 20 weeks of gestation, though it can sometimes occur earlier.
  - Diagnosis involves measuring blood pressure (typically ≥140/90 mmHg) and testing for protein in the urine.

- **Symptoms:**
  - Severe headaches and visual disturbances (blurred vision, sensitivity to light).
  - Upper abdominal pain, often on the right side.
  - Nausea and vomiting.
  - Swelling in the face, hands, or legs.
  - Note: Some women may not show noticeable symptoms, which is why regular prenatal check-ups are critical.

- **Risk Factors & Causes:**
  - Preexisting conditions like chronic hypertension, diabetes, kidney disease, or obesity.
  - A personal or family history of preeclampsia.
  - Multiple pregnancies or abnormal placental development leading to poor blood flow.

- **Management & Treatment Options:**
  - **Regular Monitoring:**
    - Frequent prenatal visits to track blood pressure and assess overall health.
    - Routine blood and urine tests to monitor kidney and liver function.
  - **Medications:**
    - Antihypertensive drugs to control high blood pressure.
    - Magnesium sulfate may be administered in severe cases to prevent seizures.
  - **Lifestyle Adjustments:**
    - Modifying physical activity levels or limited bed rest may be recommended, though the benefits of strict bed rest are debated.
  - **Delivery:**
    - The definitive treatment for preeclampsia is the delivery of the baby.
    - The timing of delivery is carefully considered based on the severity of the condition and the gestational age, balancing risks to both the mother and the baby.
  - **Hospitalization:**
    - In severe cases, hospitalization ensures closer monitoring and rapid intervention.

- **Key Takeaways:**
  - Early detection and consistent prenatal care are essential for managing preeclampsia.
  - Prompt treatment can help mitigate risks and improve outcomes for both mother and baby.
  - If any symptoms are noticed, it is crucial to seek immediate medical advice.