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An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most commonly in a fallopian tube. It is a serious condition that cannot result in a viable pregnancy and can be life-threatening if untreated.
Causes:
Blockage or damage to the fallopian tubes due to infections (e.g., pelvic inflammatory disease), previous surgeries, or conditions like endometriosis.
Hormonal imbalances or abnormalities in reproductive anatomy.
Symptoms:
Sharp, stabbing abdominal or pelvic pain (often on one side)
Vaginal bleeding or spotting
Dizziness, fainting, or shoulder pain (a sign of internal bleeding)
Nausea and weakness
Risk Factors:
Previous ectopic pregnancy
Pelvic infections or STIs (e.g., chlamydia, gonorrhea)
Use of fertility treatments or IUDs
Smoking or being over 35 years old
Diagnosis:
Pelvic exam
Blood tests to check hCG hormone levels
Ultrasound to locate the pregnancy
Treatment:
Medication (Methotrexate): Used if detected early to stop cell growth and allow the body to absorb the tissue.
Surgery: In severe cases, laparoscopic surgery removes the ectopic pregnancy and may involve repairing or removing the affected fallopian tube.
Complications:
Internal bleeding
Rupture of the fallopian tube
Infertility due to tube damage
Seek immediate medical care if you suspect an ectopic pregnancy to prevent life-threatening complication